(PRIMARY LAWS OF LEARNING)
1. (Law of Readiness)
PRIMARY LAWS OF LEARNING
PRIMARY LAWS OF LEARNING
1. Law of Readiness Thornike explained that in order to learn it is necessary that the learner is ready to learn, ready. When a learner has a problem and tries to solve it, we say that he is ready to learn. Till humans are not ready to learn, neither they themselves learn nor anyone can teach them. Therefore, it is necessary that students are prepared to learn first.
Readiness helps to focus attention and students learn any task quickly, they get satisfaction in teaching. When they are not ready to learn, they get dissatisfaction with the learning process, they get irritated. When the person attains satisfaction and when he is dissatisfied, Thorndike has described three situations.
1. When a person is ready to work and he is given work, then it gives him satisfaction.
2. When a person is ready to do something and is not given the task If he does, he is dissatisfied.
3. When the person is not ready to work and given it to work If he goes, he feels dissatisfied
This rule has also been criticized. The first is that the learning process does not depend only on practice. Apart from practice, learning also requires Understanding and Insight.
The second criticism is that learning does not depend only on practice or frequency, if this happens, the cat would remember both right and wrong responses due to repeated frequency of effort and error, but the reality is that the cat has only correct responses. Only remembered Thornadike realized these shortcomings and later amended this rule to formulate the Law of Controlled Practice.
According to this rule, the process of learning involves many actions along with practice or frequency, understanding the meaning, reasoning, harmonizing thoughts and following the signs.
3. Law of Effect, Thornadike clarified that if a person is satisfied with the result of a person's action, then he performs that action repeatedly and learns it, but if he has any satisfaction with it Is not received, he does not benefit from it, then he does not do it again and as a result he is not able to learn it.
Psychologists explained this rule and said that in the rule of effect, a stimulus and a relation in response is strong or weak depending on the effect. When the relationship is such that it has a satisfactory effect on the child, then the strength of their relationship becomes strong and when the relationship has an unsatisfactory effect, the power in their relation becomes weak. Therefore, the relationship between stimulant and response is established depending on the satisfactory effect of the response. In the experiment of Thornedike, the cat learned the action of opening the door because after this response he had received food and was satisfied.
This rule has been criticized for the fact that the Satisfying Effect and Annoyance, in the law of effect, are the only two terms which do not properly explain the behavior of the animal. Find. It is very difficult that animals
The second criticism is being satisfied or causing anger after an action, according to this rule that according to this rule the creature responds first and gets the prize later.
Critics point out that the event will have an impact in the future, how it can have an effect on the response that has already taken place. Despite this criticism, this rule is still used in the learning process of children. The use of rewards and punishments proves the usefulness of this rule.
